Goods Receipt for Purchase Order (Movement Type 101)

Business scenario

Demo Manufacturing ordered 100 EA of steel brackets (RM-1000) from Demo Supplier Ltd. The truck arrives at plant 1000, the goods are unloaded and checked, and the receiving clerk posts the goods receipt into storage location 0001.

All companies, numbers and documents are fictional demo data.

Step-by-step flow

1. 01

   Purchase order exists open in twin

   A purchase order for 100 EA of RM-1000 from Demo Supplier Ltd. is open in the system.

   The PO is the reference document the goods receipt will be posted against. It carries material, quantity, price, plant and storage location.

2. 02

   Supplier dispatches the goods open in twin

   The supplier loads the goods and the truck leaves for plant 1000.

   Physical logistics happen before anything is posted in the buyer's system.

3. 03

   Truck arrives at the receiving dock open in twin

   The truck enters plant 1000 through the gate and docks at the receiving bay.

   Receiving staff match the delivery note against the open PO before accepting the goods.

4. 04

   Goods are unloaded open in twin

   The forklift unloads the pallets (100 EA) into the receiving area.

   Physical receipt and the SAP posting are separate events. Stock in SAP changes only when the goods receipt is posted.

5. 05

   Check the delivery open in twin

   Quantity and condition match the purchase order. Decide what happens next.

   Only accepted goods should be posted into stock. Tolerances for over/under-delivery are controlled on the PO item and in configuration.

6. 06

   Post goods receipt in MIGO open in twin

   The clerk posts the goods receipt for PO 4500001234 with movement type 101. One posting: stock rises from 500 to 600 EA, material document 5000123456 and an accounting document (Inventory / GR/IR clearing, ₹1,00,000, conceptual) are created together.

   Movement type 101 controls which stock is updated, which fields are required and how the movement is valuated. SAP stock reflects postings, not physical position: the system shows 600 EA even though the pallets are still at the dock. The material document is the permanent record of what moved, where, when and why, and updates the PO history. Stock is an asset, so its value increases and a clearing entry is created that the invoice will later offset.

7. 07

   Goods are put away open in twin

   Pallets move from the dock into storage location 0001.

   Without warehouse management, putaway is a physical step with no extra SAP posting. With EWM, putaway is managed by warehouse tasks — outside this scenario.

8. 08

   Process complete open in twin

   PO → physical receipt → 101 goods receipt (stock increase, material document and accounting document in one posting) → putaway.

   Next in procure-to-pay: the supplier invoice is posted in MIRO, which typically debits GR/IR and credits the supplier payable — clearing the GR/IR credit created here at goods receipt.

9. 09

   Delivery refused open in twin

   The goods go back on the truck. Nothing is posted in SAP.

   A refusal before posting creates no material or accounting document. The PO item stays open.

SAP documents

Stock impact

Accounting impact

Movement type

• 101GR goods receipt for purchase orderReversal: 102

Records the receipt of goods ordered on a purchase order, updates stock and PO history, and — for valuated stock material — posts the inventory value with a GR/IR clearing entry.

Transactions & Fiori apps

Configuration

• Movement type 101 (OMJJ)

  Typical

  Standard movement type. Field selection and allowed stock types are controlled here; changes are rarely needed.

• Automatic account determination (OBYC)

  Configuration dependent

  Transaction keys such as BSX and WRX derive the G/L accounts per valuation class.

• Over/under-delivery tolerance

  Configuration dependent

  Maintained on the PO item (often defaulted from info record / material) and checked at GR.

• Automatic creation of storage location data

  Configuration dependent

  Can be allowed per plant and movement type.

• Quality inspection at GR

  Configuration dependent

  QM inspection setup or the stock type on the PO item can direct the receipt to quality inspection stock.

Prerequisites

• Released purchase order item with an open quantity
• Material master extended to the plant and (unless auto-created) the storage location
• Open MM posting period (MMPV) and FI posting period
• Automatic account determination maintained for the valuation class

Master data

Material master

Plant, storage, purchasing and accounting views (valuation class, price control).

Supplier / business partner

Purchasing data for the PO.

Purchasing info record

Default price and tolerances (optional).

Organizational structure

• Company code 1000
• Plant 1000 (valuation area)
• Storage location 0001
• Purchasing organization 1000

Tables

Integration

• FIValuated GR posts an accounting document in the same transaction.
• COOnly if the PO item has account assignment (e.g. cost center); stock receipts usually have none.
• QMInspection lots may be created at GR depending on setup.

Common errors

• “Posting only possible in specific periods”

  Likely causes: MM period not opened (MMPV); FI posting period closed

  Where to look: MMPV / MMRV · OB52

• “Account determination for the entry is not possible”

  Likely causes: Missing OBYC entry for BSX/WRX and the valuation class

  Where to look: OBYC · Material accounting view

• “PO item cannot be selected / already delivered”

  Likely causes: Delivery completed indicator set; Quantity fully received

  Where to look: PO history (ME23N)

• “Quantity exceeds tolerance”

  Likely causes: Over-delivery tolerance on PO item

  Where to look: PO item delivery tab

Troubleshooting

Something went wrong? Work through these checks in order. They are diagnostic questions, not configuration instructions — confirm changes with your system owner.

1. CHECK 1

   Master data

   • Is the material extended to plant 1000 and SLoc 0001?
   • Is the valuation class maintained?

2. CHECK 2

   Period

   • Is the MM period open (MMPV)?
   • Is the FI posting period open for the account types involved?

3. CHECK 3

   Account determination

   • Do BSX and WRX resolve for this valuation class and valuation area?

4. CHECK 4

   PO status

   • Is the PO released?
   • Is the delivery-completed indicator set?
   • Is the remaining open quantity sufficient?

5. CHECK 5

   Authorization

   • Does the user have authorization for movement type 101 and plant 1000?

Interview questions

• Explain what happens in SAP when a PO-based goods receipt is posted.

  A material document is created with movement type 101, stock in the chosen stock type increases, PO history is updated, and for valuated stock material an accounting document posts — typically debit inventory (BSX) and credit GR/IR clearing (WRX). Exact accounts come from account determination.

• What is the difference between 102 and 122?

  102 reverses a 101 posting (e.g. a posting error). 122 is a return delivery to the supplier for goods physically sent back, and it can be communicated to the vendor as a return.

• Why does GR/IR clearing exist?

  It bridges the time between goods receipt and invoice receipt. GR credits it; the invoice debits it. Open balances reveal received-not-invoiced or invoiced-not-received items.

Quiz

Related processes

• 101Procure-to-Pay
• 102 · 122102 GR Reversal
• 201 · 202201 GI to Cost Center

References

• SAP SE — SAP Help Portal: Goods Receipt for Purchase Order (source)
• SAP SE — SAP Help Portal: Automatic Account Determination (Inventory Management) (source)

Explanations are original. They summarize standard behaviour; always validate against your system's release and configuration.

Version history